If you must wear gloves at work, it means that working without gloves, or with ill-fitting gloves, is either unsanitary, dangerous, or both. You cannot work until you have gloves that fit, and your boss must be reminded of that fact. Repeatedly.

Buy your own for now until the company can provide you with the right ones. That wasn't so hard, was it?

If you explained it to your boss and requested properly sized gloves and he does not accommodate, then you are fully within your rights to go to Human Resources and show how/where you tried to follow process with your boss. NOT to get him in trouble, but to get them to provide you the proper PSE to comply with Department of Labor Rules.

Any workplace should have items accessible to all employees… including gloves. No employer can assume everyone is the same size.